Private law, also known as civil law, is a branch of law that governs relationships between individuals, organizations, and legal entities. It encompasses various areas such as contract law, property law, tort law, and family law, among others. Private law differs from public law in that it deals with disputes and conflicts between private parties rather than with the state or government. Its primary objective is to regulate and safeguard the rights and obligations of individuals and entities in their interactions with one another.

In private law, the rules and principles are primarily derived from the legal systems and statutes of a particular jurisdiction. These laws define the rights and duties of individuals in their private affairs, including business transactions, property ownership and transfers, marriage and divorce, and personal injury cases. Private law aims to maintain a fair and predictable legal framework that allows individuals to engage in voluntary transactions, enforce their contractual rights, and seek compensation for any harm caused by the actions of others. Private law disputes are typically resolved through civil litigation, where the aggrieved party seeks damages or specific performance from the other party involved.

Overall, private law plays a crucial role in regulating and ensuring the fair and equitable treatment of individuals and organizations in their private relationships. It serves as the foundation for various areas of everyday life, including business dealings, property ownership, and personal rights, providing a legal framework for resolving disputes and promoting social order. By delineating the rights and obligations of individuals, private law contributes to the establishment of a just and harmonious society.